Discover apps for Android here, 20,000+ users downloaded Thyroid Info latest version on 9Apps for free every week! This is one of my favorite apps. This hot app was released on 2020-01-12. If you want it so go head and download it and enjoy your app.
The thyroid, or thyroid gland, is an endocrine gland in the neck consisting of two connected lobes. The lower two thirds of the lobes are connected by a thin band of tissue called the thyroid isthmus. The thyroid is located at the front of the neck, below the Adam's apple. Microscopically, the functional unit of the thyroid gland is the spherical thyroid follicle, lined with follicular cells (thyrocytes), and occasional parafollicular cells that surround a lumen containing colloid. The thyroid gland secretes three hormones: the two thyroid hormones – triiodothyronine ( T3), and thyroxine (T4), and a peptide hormone, calcitonin. The thyroid hormones influence the metabolic rate and protein synthesis, and in children, growth and development. Calcitonin plays a role in calcium homeostasis.Secretion of the two thyroid hormones is regulated by thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), which is secreted from the anterior pituitary gland. TSH is regulated by thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), which is produced by the hypothalamus.
The thyroid gland develops in the floor of the pharynx at the base of the tongue at 3-4 weeks gestation; it then descends in front of the pharyngeal gut, and ultimately over the next few weeks, it migrates to the base of the neck. During migration, the thyroid remains connected to the tongue by a narrow canal, the thyroglossal duct. At the end of the fifth week the thyroglossal duct degenerates, and over the following two weeks the detached thyroid migrates to its final position.
Thyroid disorders include hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, thyroid inflammation (thyroiditis), thyroid enlargement (goitre), thyroid nodules, and thyroid cancer. Hyperthyroidism is characterized by excessive secretion of thyroid hormones: the most common cause is the autoimmune disorder Graves' disease. Hypothyroidism is characterized by a deficient secretion of thyroid hormones: the most common cause is iodine deficiency. In iodine-deficient regions, hypothyroidism secondary to iodine deficiency is the leading cause of preventable intellectual disability in children.In iodine-sufficient regions, the most common cause of hypothyroidism is the autoimmune disorder Hashimoto's thyroiditis.
The presence of the thyroid and its various diseases have been noted and treated for thousands of years, although the gland itself has only been described and named since the Renaissance.Knowledge of the thyroid, its biochemistry, and its disorders developed throughout the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Many modern treatments and investigative modalities evolved throughout the mid-twentieth century, including refinement of surgical techniques for thyroid removal (thyroidectomy) for the treatment of goitre; the use of radioactive iodine and thiouracil for the treatment of Graves' disease; and fine needle aspiration for diagnosis of thyroid nodules.
Feature of this books :
-- Works in offline
-- Simple layout that minimal to use
-- User-friendly to use
-- Easy to eye for reading
-- Small size apps
-- Remembered last chapter reading when quit
-- Free to use
Tiroid, atau kelenjar tiroid, adalah kelenjar endokrin di leher yang terdiri dari dua lobus yang terhubung. Dua pertiga bagian bawah lobus dihubungkan oleh pita tipis jaringan yang disebut isthmus tiroid. Tiroid terletak di bagian depan leher, di bawah jakun. Secara mikroskopis, unit fungsional dari kelenjar tiroid adalah folikel tiroid bola, dilapisi dengan sel folikuler (tirosit), dan kadang-kadang sel parafollicular yang mengelilingi lumen yang mengandung koloid. Kelenjar tiroid mengeluarkan tiga hormon: dua hormon tiroid - triiodothyronine (T3), dan tiroksin (T4), dan hormon peptida, kalsitonin. Hormon tiroid mempengaruhi laju metabolisme dan sintesis protein, dan pada anak-anak, pertumbuhan dan perkembangan. Kalsitonin berperan dalam homeostasis kalsium. Kebijaksanaan dari dua hormon tiroid diatur oleh hormon perangsang tiroid (TSH), yang dikeluarkan dari kelenjar hipofisis anterior. TSH diatur oleh thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), yang diproduksi oleh hipotalamus.
Kelenjar tiroid berkembang di dasar faring di dasar lidah pada usia kehamilan 3-4 minggu; kemudian turun di depan usus faring, dan akhirnya selama beberapa minggu ke depan, ia bermigrasi ke pangkal leher. Selama migrasi, tiroid tetap terhubung ke lidah dengan saluran sempit, saluran tiroglos. Pada akhir minggu kelima saluran tiroglos merosot, dan selama dua minggu berikutnya tiroid yang terlepas bermigrasi ke posisi akhir.
Gangguan tiroid termasuk hipertiroidisme, hipotiroidisme, radang tiroid (tiroiditis), pembesaran tiroid (gondok), nodul tiroid, dan kanker tiroid. Hipertiroid ditandai oleh sekresi berlebihan hormon tiroid: penyebab paling umum adalah gangguan autoimun penyakit Graves. Hipotiroidisme ditandai oleh sekresi hormon tiroid yang kurang: penyebab paling umum adalah defisiensi yodium. Di daerah yang kekurangan yodium, hipotiroidisme sekunder akibat defisiensi yodium adalah penyebab utama kecacatan intelektual yang dapat dicegah pada anak-anak. Di daerah yang cukup yodium, penyebab paling umum dari hipotiroidisme adalah gangguan autoimun tiroiditis Hashimoto.
Kehadiran tiroid dan berbagai penyakitnya telah dicatat dan diobati selama ribuan tahun, meskipun kelenjar itu sendiri baru saja dideskripsikan dan dinamai sejak zaman Renaisans. Pengetahuan tentang tiroid, biokimia, dan gangguannya berkembang sepanjang akhir abad ke-19 dan abad kedua puluh. Banyak perawatan modern dan modalitas investigasi berkembang sepanjang pertengahan abad kedua puluh, termasuk penyempurnaan teknik bedah untuk pengangkatan tiroid (tiroidektomi) untuk pengobatan goiter; penggunaan yodium radioaktif dan tiourasil untuk pengobatan penyakit Graves; dan aspirasi jarum halus untuk diagnosis nodul tiroid.
Fitur buku ini:
- Bekerja secara offline
- Tata letak sederhana yang minimal untuk digunakan
- User-friendly untuk digunakan
- Mudah untuk dibaca
- Aplikasi ukuran kecil
- Ingat membaca bab terakhir ketika berhenti
- Gratis untuk digunakan
9Apps 4.9
